NVR - Analogies
NVR - Analogies
Analogy questions involve identifying the relationship between one set of shapes and applying the same rule to other shapes.
Sometimes we need to figure out how one shape changes into another.
NVR - Analogies
Analogy questions involve identifying the relationship between one set of shapes and applying the same rule to other shapes.
Sometimes we need to figure out how one shape changes into another.
?
In this example, the triangle turns into a square. The most obvious change is that a side was added. Without any other clues, we can presume that the relationship is +1 side.
If
then
NVR - Analogies
Analogy questions involve identifying the relationship between one set of shapes and applying the same rule to other shapes.
Sometimes we need to figure out how one shape changes into another.
In this example, the triangle turns into a square. The most obvious change is that a side was added. Without any other clues, we can presume that the relationship is +1 side.
Applying the same rule to the hexagon (6 sides), we can presume that the missing image should be a heptagon (7 sides).
If
then
NVR - Analogies
Analogy questions involve identifying the relationship between one set of shapes and applying the same rule to other shapes.
Sometimes we need to figure out how one shape changes into another.
Other times, we need to figure out the abstract relationship between two objects.
is to
as
is to
?
NVR - Analogies
Analogy questions involve identifying the relationship between one set of shapes and applying the same rule to other shapes.
Sometimes we need to figure out how one shape changes into another.
Other times, we need to figure out the abstract relationship between two objects.
is to
as
is to
a
b
c
d
?
NVR - Analogies
Analogy questions involve identifying the relationship between one set of shapes and applying the same rule to other shapes.
is to
as
is to
a
b
c
d
?
Two socks relate to two feet in the same way as one hand relates to one glove.
NVR - Analogies
Analogy questions involve identifying the relationship between one set of shapes and applying the same rule to other shapes.
is to
as
is to
a
b
c
d
Two socks relate to two feet in the same way as one hand relates to one glove.
Socks and gloves are both items of clothing; they cover feet and keep them warm, just like a glove covers and keep a hand warm.
NVR - Analogies
Analogy questions involve identifying the relationship between one set of shapes and applying the same rule to other shapes.
is to
as
is to
a
b
c
d
Notice the two hands. They are there to trick you. The relationship between two socks and two feet is not the same as the relationship between one glove and two hands.
Socks and gloves are both items of clothing; they cover feet and keep them warm, just like a glove covers and keep a hand warm.
NVR - Analogies
Analogy questions involve identifying the relationship between one set of shapes and applying the same rule to other shapes.
is to
as
is to
a
b
c
d
Notice the two hands. They are there to trick you. The relationship between two socks and two feet is not the same as the relationship between one glove and two hands.
While they are closely linked, the numerical relationship is different. Always keen an eye out for red herrings!
NVR - Analogies
Analogy questions involve identifying the relationship between one set of shapes and applying the same rule to other shapes.
We have already looked briefly at two types of analogies:
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Where a shape transform or link to another shape in a specific manner, like how an equilateral triangle links to a square by adding one more side.
Where a shape or object links to another shape or object through how it is used or perceived in the real world. Like how a sock links to a foot in the same way a glove links to a hand.
NVR - Analogies
Analogy questions involve identifying the relationship between one set of shapes and applying the same rule to other shapes.
Let's look at some other types of analogies
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
NVR - Analogies
Analogy questions involve identifying the relationship between one set of shapes and applying the same rule to other shapes.
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Sometimes an object can link to another through common patterns or symmetries.
NVR - Analogies
Analogy questions involve identifying the relationship between one set of shapes and applying the same rule to other shapes.
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Sometimes an object can link to another through common patterns or symmetries.
?
NVR - Analogies
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Sometimes an object can link to another through common patterns or symmetries.
?
a
b
c
d
Select the missing image that links in the same way as the first pair
NVR - Analogies
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Sometimes an object can link to another through common patterns or symmetries.
?
a
b
c
d
Given the alternatives available, it is reasonable to presume the missing image is option "a". It observes the same pattern to the change as in the original. The dark grey outer object has rotated 45° and the number of black objects have doubled. None of the other alternatives observe the same logic.
NVR - Analogies
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Sometimes an object can link to another through common patterns or symmetries.
NVR - Analogies
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Size and proportion analogies
NVR - Analogies
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Size and proportion analogies
Objects may be linked to each other through changes in size and proportion.
NVR - Analogies
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Size and proportion analogies
Objects may be linked to each other through changes in size and proportion.
?
NVR - Analogies
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Size and proportion analogies
Objects may be linked to each other through changes in size and proportion.
?
In this case it's easy to see that the missing image is likely to be a larger version of the car.
NVR - Analogies
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Size and proportion analogies
Objects may be linked to each other through changes in size and proportion.
In this case it's easy to see that the missing image is likely to be a larger version of the car.
NVR - Analogies
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Size and proportion analogies
Objects may be linked to each other through changes in size and proportion.
In this case it's easy to see that the missing image is likely to be a larger version of the car.
Usually, scale and size are only parts of the solution. Let's look at another example.
NVR - Analogies
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Size and proportion analogies
Objects may be linked to each other through changes in size and proportion.
In this case it's easy to see that the missing image is likely to be a larger version of the car.
In this case the upper shape stays the same, but the lower shape triples in width.
Usually, scale and size are only parts of the solution. Let's look at another example.
NVR - Analogies
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Size and proportion analogies
Objects may be linked to each other through changes in size and proportion.
Let's finish with a complex example. Study this closely and select the missing shape.
?
a
b
c
d
Have you picked an answer?
NVR - Analogies
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Size and proportion analogies
Objects may be linked to each other through changes in size and proportion.
Let's finish with a complex example. Study this closely and select the missing shape.
c
The right answer is .
Let's examine the analogies step-by-step.
NVR - Analogies
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Size and proportion analogies
Objects may be linked to each other through changes in size and proportion.
Let's finish with a complex example. Study this closely and select the missing shape.
c
The right answer is .
Let's examine the analogies step-by-step.
The outer shapes changes width. It becomes of the original.
\frac{1}{3}
NVR - Analogies
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Size and proportion analogies
Objects may be linked to each other through changes in size and proportion.
Let's finish with a complex example. Study this closely and select the missing shape.
c
The right answer is .
Let's examine the analogies step-by-step.
The outer shapes changes width. It becomes of the original.
\frac{1}{3}
The only other change is easy to spot: The black
objects double in width.
NVR - Analogies
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Size and proportion analogies
Objects may be linked to each other through changes in size and proportion.
c
The right answer is .
Let's examine the analogies step-by-step.
The outer shapes changes width. It becomes of the original.
\frac{1}{3}
The only other change is easy to spot: The black
objects double in width.
NVR - Analogies
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Size and proportion analogies
c
The right answer is .
Let's examine the analogies step-by-step.
The outer shapes changes width. It becomes of the original.
\frac{1}{3}
The only other change is easy to spot: The black
objects double in width.
Addition and subtraction analogies
NVR - Analogies
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Size and proportion analogies
c
The right answer is .
Let's examine the analogies step-by-step.
The outer shapes changes width. It becomes of the original.
\frac{1}{3}
The only other change is easy to spot: The black
objects double in width.
Addition and subtraction analogies
Text
You can change a shape by adding or subtracting parts:
Here we are adding a mirrored version of the existing shape.
NVR - Analogies
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Size and proportion analogies
c
The right answer is .
Let's examine the analogies step-by-step.
The outer shapes changes width. It becomes of the original.
\frac{1}{3}
The only other change is easy to spot: The black
objects double in width.
Addition and subtraction analogies
Text
You can change a shape by adding or subtracting parts:
Here we have subtracted a star-shaped pattern from the second object.
NVR - Analogies
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Size and proportion analogies
c
The right answer is .
Let's examine the analogies step-by-step.
The outer shapes changes width. It becomes of the original.
\frac{1}{3}
The only other change is easy to spot: The black
objects double in width.
Addition and subtraction analogies
Text
You can change a shape by adding or subtracting parts:
Here we have subtracted a star-shaped pattern from the second object.
NVR - Analogies
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Size and proportion analogies
c
The right answer is .
Let's examine the analogies step-by-step.
The outer shapes changes width. It becomes of the original.
\frac{1}{3}
The only other change is easy to spot: The black
objects double in width.
Addition and subtraction analogies
Text
You can change a shape by adding or subtracting parts:
Here the two objects in the first image has merged, cancelling each other out. You can think of this as subtracting one object from another.
NVR - Analogies
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Size and proportion analogies
c
The right answer is .
Let's examine the analogies step-by-step.
The outer shapes changes width. It becomes of the original.
\frac{1}{3}
The only other change is easy to spot: The black
objects double in width.
Addition and subtraction analogies
Text
You can change a shape by adding or subtracting parts:
Here the two objects in the first image has merged, cancelling each other out. You can think of this as subtracting one object from another.
NVR - Analogies
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Size and proportion analogies
c
The right answer is .
Let's examine the analogies step-by-step.
The outer shapes changes width. It becomes of the original.
\frac{1}{3}
The only other change is easy to spot: The black
objects double in width.
Addition and subtraction analogies
Text
NVR - Analogies
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Size and proportion analogies
c
The right answer is .
Let's examine the analogies step-by-step.
The outer shapes changes width. It becomes of the original.
\frac{1}{3}
The only other change is easy to spot: The black
objects double in width.
Addition and subtraction analogies
Text
Colour analogies
NVR - Analogies
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Size and proportion analogies
c
The right answer is .
Let's examine the analogies step-by-step.
The outer shapes changes width. It becomes of the original.
\frac{1}{3}
The only other change is easy to spot: The black
objects double in width.
Addition and subtraction analogies
Text
Colour analogies
Colour analogies can involve simple colour changes, such as two colours switching, but can also involve colour mixing. Study this:
NVR - Analogies
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Size and proportion analogies
Addition and subtraction analogies
Colour analogies
Colour analogies can involve simple colour changes, such as two colours switching, but can also involve colour mixing. Study this:
The shapes merges and as they do so, the colours mixes. Blue + yellow makes green and red and blue makes purple.
NVR - Analogies
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Size and proportion analogies
Addition and subtraction analogies
Colour analogies
NVR - Analogies
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Size and proportion analogies
Addition and subtraction analogies
Colour analogies
Time analogies
NVR - Analogies
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Size and proportion analogies
Addition and subtraction analogies
Colour analogies
Time analogies
Study this and see if you can find the missing shape:
?
NVR - Analogies
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Size and proportion analogies
Addition and subtraction analogies
Colour analogies
Time analogies
Study this and see if you can find the missing shape:
These are time analogies: A candle melts over time, in the same way a cube of ice will.
NVR - Analogies
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Size and proportion analogies
Addition and subtraction analogies
Colour analogies
Time analogies
NVR - Analogies
Shape analogies
Application or real-world analogies
Pattern and symmetry analogies
Size and proportion analogies
Addition and subtraction analogies
Colour analogies
Time analogies
You will often find these analogies in combination. Within a single question, shapes may move, shrink or grow, have objects added or subtracted and colours may change.
Always look for patterns and if the changes are complex, make notes of each change. The test may include multiple answers that include some of the analogies, but only the correct answer will include all.
Well done! You should now have a very good understanding of analogies in non-verbal reasoning. NVR requires a lot of practice, however, so the next step is to get going with some of our NVR mock tests. Don't despair if your first scores aren't as good as you had hoped. The key to NVR tests is familiarity with the question types. Keep practicing and you will notice that you get a little bit better and a little bit faster each time.
11+ Non-Verbal Reasoning: Analogies
By Pluspapers
